On May 22, 2025 the House of Representatives passed H.R. 1 “The Big Beautiful Bill Act” [save snipes for Congress, that is the bill’s original title], and on July 1, 2025, the Senate passed a different version of the bill. The Senate version, now headed back to the House, is here.
Title and Section Synopsis
The linked bill above (H.R. 1, 119th Congress) is a broad and sweeping budget reconciliation package. Below is a detailed breakdown of the structure—titles, subtitles, and sections—from the official Table of Contents, organized by congressional committee jurisdiction.
TITLE I — COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY
Subtitle A — Nutrition
Sec. 10101: Re-evaluation of Thrifty Food Plan
Sec. 10102: SNAP work requirement modifications
Sec. 10103: Utility allowance rules
Sec. 10104: Restrictions on internet expenses
Sec. 10105: Matching fund requirements
Sec. 10106: Cost-sharing administration
Sec. 10107: Education and obesity prevention grants
Sec. 10108: Alien SNAP eligibility restrictions
Subtitle B — Forestry
Sec. 10201: Rescission of forestry funds
Subtitle C — Commodities
Sec. 10301–10314: Covers effective prices, base acres, elections, price loss, marketing loans, dairy/sugar/textile updates, and income/eligibility caps
Subtitle D — Disaster Assistance Programs
Sec. 10401: Supplemental agriculture disaster aid
Subtitle E — Crop Insurance
Sec. 10501–10507: Support for new farmers, area coverage, poultry pilot, compliance, and affordability
Subtitle F — Rural Investments
Sec. 10601–10607: Conservation, energy, research, nutrition, horticulture, trade promotion, and miscellaneous items
TITLE II — COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES
Sec. 20001–20013: Military quality of life, shipbuilding, missile defense, Indo-Pacific command, cybersecurity, construction authorizations, and oversight
TITLE III — COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Sec. 30001: Cap on CFPB funding
Sec. 30002: Rescission of Green Retrofit Program funds
Sec. 30003: Elimination of SEC Reserve Fund
Sec. 30004: Defense Production Act appropriations
TITLE IV — COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
Sec. 40001–40011: Covers Coast Guard, air traffic, spectrum auctions, Mars/Artemis, NOAA rescissions, and airport leases
TITLE V — COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Subtitle A — Oil and Gas Leasing
Sec. 50101–50105: Onshore, offshore, methane royalties, and Alaska leasing
Subtitle B — Mining
Sec. 50201–50204: Coal leasing and royalties
Subtitle C — Lands
Sec. 50301–50305: Timber, renewable energy fees/revenue sharing, rescissions, and America’s 250th celebration
Subtitle D — Energy
Sec. 50401–50404: Strategic reserve, AI, repeals, energy financing
Subtitle E — Water
Sec. 50501: Water conveyance/storage enhancement
TITLE VI — COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS
Sec. 60001–60026: Major rescissions to environmental/climate funds and programs including Greenhouse Gas Fund, low-emissions vehicles, air pollution mitigation, school air quality, methane programs, and the Kennedy Center
TITLE VII — FINANCE
Subtitle A — Tax (Chapter 1: Middle-Class Relief)
Sec. 70101–70106: Extensions of reduced tax rates, deductions, CTC, estate exemptions
Chapter 2 — Medicaid Reforms
Subchapters A–E: Alien eligibility, fraud prevention, community engagement requirements
Chapter 3 — Medicare Reforms
Subchapters A–B: Orphan drug exclusion, physician fee boost
Chapter 4 — Health Tax & Coverage
Subchapters A–C: Premium tax credit limits, telehealth expansions, direct primary care
Chapter 5 — Rural Hospitals
Sec. 71401: Rural Health Transformation
Subtitle C — Debt Limit
Sec. 72001: Debt ceiling modification
Subtitle D — Unemployment
Sec. 73001: Ends benefits for millionaire recipients
TITLE VIII — COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, AND PENSIONS
Subtitles A–H
Sec. 80001–87001: Includes student loan reforms, loan limits, Pell Grant adjustments, low-earning outcome ineligibility, borrower defense delays, and a “Garden of Heroes” initiative
TITLE IX — COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
Subtitle A — Homeland Security
Sec. 90001–90007: Border wall/infrastructure, CBP funding, detention capacity, tech
Subtitle B — Governmental Affairs
Sec. 90101–90103: FEHB changes, pandemic oversight, OMB funding
TITLE X — COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Subtitle A — Immigration & Law Enforcement
Part I: Immigration Fees
Sec. 100001–100018: New fees for asylum, parole, TPS, EADs, and inadmissibility
Part II: Funding
Sec. 100051–100057: DHS, ICE, DOJ, BOP, Secret Service, and law enforcement funding
Subtitle B — Judiciary Appropriations
Sec. 100101–100102: Courts and judicial centers
Subtitle C — Radiation Compensation
Sec. 100201–100205: Manhattan Project, uranium exposure, claim limitations
