On Friday the 16th the GOP-controlled House Budget Committee rejected the “Big Beautiful Bill” the Republican House wrote to further President Trump’s tax and budget priorities for 2025. The full text of the legislation is here:  https://budget.house.gov/imo/media/doc/one_big_beautiful_bill_act_-_full_bill_text.pdf

Five Republicans opposed the measure, some because the bill didn’t cut spending enough, others because the bill cut too much, still others because the state and local tax deduction in the tax section was not large enough. The House Budget Committee and Speaker Johnson continued negotiating with their caucus over the weekend in an attempt to break the impasse with their own members.

The 1,100-page legislation contains the following provisions:

Title I – Committee on Agriculture

Subtitle A – Nutrition

  • Sec. 10001–10012: Reforms to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), including stricter work requirements for able-bodied adults without dependents, limitations on waivers, adjustments to utility allowances, restrictions on internet expenses, changes to administrative cost sharing, and modifications to eligibility criteria for non-citizens.

Subtitle B – Investment in Rural America

  • Sec. 10101–10108: Investments in rural safety nets, conservation programs, trade initiatives, agricultural research, forestry, energy development, horticulture, and other miscellaneous rural development programs.

Title II – Committee on Armed Services

  • Sec. 20001–20016: Enhancements to Department of Defense resources, including improvements in quality of life for military personnel, shipbuilding, integrated air and missile defense, munitions and defense supply chain resiliency, production scaling of low-cost weapons, cybersecurity, air superiority, nuclear forces, Indo-Pacific Command capabilities, and military readiness. Also includes provisions for military construction projects and oversight.

Title III – Committee on Education and Workforce

Subtitle A – Student Eligibility

  • Sec. 30001–30002: Adjustments to student eligibility criteria for federal financial aid, considering factors like cost of attendance and median college costs.

Subtitle B – Loan Limits

  • Sec. 30011: Establishment of new loan limits for federal student loans.

Subtitle C – Loan Repayment

  • Sec. 30021–30025: Revisions to loan repayment plans, deferment and forbearance options, loan rehabilitation programs, Public Service Loan Forgiveness, and student loan servicing.

Subtitle D – Pell Grants

  • Sec. 30031–30033: Changes to Pell Grant eligibility, introduction of workforce Pell Grants, and addressing potential shortfalls in Pell Grant funding.

Subtitle E – Accountability

  • Sec. 30041–30042: Requirements for agreements between institutions and the Department of Education, and modifications to campus-based aid programs.

Subtitle F – Regulatory Relief

Subtitle G – Limitation on Authority

  • Sec. 30061: Limitations on the authority of the Secretary of Education regarding certain regulations.

Title IV – Committee on Energy and Commerce

Subtitle A – Health Care

  • Sec. 40001–40010: Implementation of work requirements for Medicaid recipients, adjustments to Medicaid funding formulas, and other reforms aimed at reducing federal healthcare expenditures.BBC+3Time+3AP News+3

Subtitle B – Energy

  • Sec. 40101–40105: Repeal of certain clean energy tax credits, expansion of fossil fuel extraction on public lands, and other measures to promote traditional energy sources.AP News

Title V – Committee on Ways and Means

Subtitle A – Tax Reform

  • Sec. 50001–50010: Extension of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provisions, including reductions in individual and corporate tax rates, elimination of taxes on tips and overtime, and increased standard and child deductions.Ways and Means+3AP News+3AP News+3

Subtitle B – Revenue Measures

  • Sec. 50101–50105: Introduction of new revenue measures, such as higher taxes on large university endowments and the termination of the IRS Direct File tax filing program.Business Insider

Title VI – Committee on Homeland Security

  • Sec. 60001–60005: Allocation of funds for border security enhancements, including the construction of additional border barriers, increased deportations, and the establishment of a new missile defense system dubbed the “Golden Dome.”AP News

Title VII – Committee on Oversight and Accountability

  • Sec. 70001–70003: Provisions to defund Planned Parenthood, prohibit Medicaid funding for gender transition procedures for minors, and impose a 10-year federal preemption on state AI laws.The White House+1Business Insider+1

Title VIII – Committee on Financial Services

  • Sec. 80001–80005: Creation of “MAGA” savings accounts for children born between 2024 and 2028, with federal contributions modeled on previous baby bond programs but without income restrictions.Business Insider+1AP News+1

Title IX – Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure

  • Sec. 90001–90005: Investments in infrastructure projects aimed at stimulating economic growth and job creation.

Title X – Committee on the Judiciary

  • Sec. 100001–100005: Repeal of certain taxes on gun silencers and other measures related to Second Amendment rights.AP News

Title XI – Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

  • Sec. 110001–110005: Initiatives to promote scientific research and technological innovation, including funding for space exploration programs.

Title XII – Committee on Veterans’ Affairs

  • Sec. 120001–120005: Enhancements to veterans’ benefits, including healthcare services, education assistance, and housing programs.

Title XIII – Committee on Small Business

  • Sec. 130001–130005: Support for small businesses through tax incentives, access to capital, and regulatory relief.

Title XIV – Committee on Natural Resources

  • Sec. 140001–140005: Policies to promote energy development on public lands and reforms to environmental regulations.AP News

Title XV – Committee on Foreign Affairs

  • Sec. 150001–150005: Provisions related to foreign aid, international trade agreements, and diplomatic initiatives.

Title XVI – Committee on Intelligence

  • Sec. 160001–160005: Measures to enhance national security through intelligence gathering and analysis.

Title XVII – Committee on House Administration

  • Sec. 170001–170005: Administrative provisions related to the operation of the House of Representatives.

Title XVIII – Committee on Rules

  • Sec. 180001–180005: Establishment of rules governing the implementation and enforcement of the provisions within the bill.